Nature Of Competition Collusion And Pricing Airline Industry Economics Essay

Nature Of Competition Collusion And Pricing Airline Industry Economics Essay The order of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 disposed of cost and section guideline of the local carrier industry. From that point forward the U.S. aircraft industry has developed colossally. The US local market contends in an oligopoly scenes. Thus there is sure degree of boundaries to rivalry. For instance, command over the mechanized reservation frameworks utilized by trip specialists furnished the majors with a ground-breaking weapon for disadvantaging littler contenders. American Airlines Saber framework and Uniteds Apollo framework together represented seventy five percent of all national PC reservation frameworks by the late 1980s. Control of this significant road for trip specialists to reserve a spot empowered the majors to oppress littler firms in an assortment of ways-from organizing screen predisposition preferring the on-screen introduction of the controlling firms flights, to charging over the top expenses to different bearers for showing their trips on these PC fr ameworks (moving upwards of a half-billion dollars yearly from the littlest to the biggest carriers).[2] All the more as of late, the Big Five bearers have combined to aggregately advertise their tickets online through their Orbitz Web webpage a collusion that may empower them to all the more likely arrange their non-serious oligopoly valuing and to go around rules set up to keep them from anticompetitive utilizing their PC reservation frameworks while, simultaneously, disadvantaging contending wholesalers of air tickets.[3] Savage Pricing Moreover, predominant transporters were smothering rivalry through savage estimating. For instance, when Spirit Airlines endeavored to enter Northwests Detroit center with a single direction Detroit-Philadelphia passage of $49, Northwest Airline reacted by cutting its normal toll on the course by 71% (from $170 to $49) and booking 30% more seats. When Spirit relinquished the course, Northwest raised its passage to $230 and cut its seat capacity.[36] Similarly, when Frontier Airlines started administration from Denver (United-commanded center point) to Billings, Montana, it offered a normal $100 toll, a large portion of the common admission charged by United. Joined sliced its admission to coordinate Frontier; when Frontier left the course, United raised its passage over its unique level.[37] Intrigue Intrigue is a troublesome game to play when the quantity of scheming adversaries is enormous. It is difficult to keep a hundred firms in line when their cost structures contrast, when their creation offices shift, and when some have a motivation to undermine a value understanding or to abuse yield limitations. Numbers have any kind of effect. At the point when numbers are huge, intrigues are hard to compose, hard to hide, and hard to uphold. Be that as it may, open approach faces a genuine test in oligopolistic enterprises like the instance of the Airline business where significant bearers shun by and large plot and depend rather on a course of direct portrayed as inferred arrangement, or acknowledgment of common reliance to take after the impacts of by and large connivance. The mechanics of inferred arrangement is evident especially in an oligopoly showcase overwhelmed by a couple of significant players. Every bearer normally perceives the shared association among it and its adversaries. Transporter X realizes that it if were to slice cost so as to expand its piece of the pie, its hostility would quickly be recognized via bearers Y and Z, which would react with retaliatory value cuts of their own. Pieces of the pie would be unaffected, however all transporters would now work at lower costs and benefits. From now on, Carrier X can't hope to build its piece of the overall industry or income to the detriment of its opponents. It can't stand to compute as far as amplifying its own benefits in segregation yet rather should continually ask whether a specific choice on cost or yield will be in its own personal responsibility, yet in addition to the greatest advantage of its opponents. By perceiving common oligopolistic reliance, it must be worried about gathering benefits and gathering government assistance. In other word, under oligopoly scene, autonomous, forceful, truly serious conduct is seen as counterproductive-a nonsensical procedure for the individual transporter. In an oligopoly, mindless compliance will impact a transporters technique when it is thinking about cost increments as it can't act alone. In other word, mindless conformity replaces the analytics of individual favorable position, and every bearer must act as a dependable individual from the oligopoly bunch instead of as a careless, selfish contender. In oligopolies, this acknowledgment of shared relationship may stretch out to non-value rivalry. For instance, if transporter An abstains from forceful cost rivalry however tries to build its piece of the overall industry through forceful advancement program, it can't anticipate that its adversaries should stand around. It must anticipate that them should build their examination endeavors as a straightforward matter of self-protection, subsequently invalidating its normal increases. Envisioning such counter which could dissolve oligopoly benefits transporter A might cease from development for similar reasons it would maintain a strategic distance from value cutting. Objectivity again orders capable nonaggressive practices; the best benefit augmentation rule under oligopoly is to excel by getting along. By the by, the degree of oligopolistic relationship and plot fluctuates from circumstance to circumstance. It relies upon such factors as whether the oligopoly is closely knit (modest number of firms) or freely sew (a bigger number);whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous; regardless of whether it is even (having firms of generally equivalent size) or hilter kilter (with one firm excessively bigger); regardless of whether the business is full grown (having had the opportunity to build up its interior courses of action and foundations to advance participation); whether the business is populated by sensible chiefs or by a couple of protesters. In the US household advertise, the approach of the Internet has expanded the productive of flagging or plot. Bearers can perceive what the opposition is doing promptly by setting off to the Internet that permit them to respond rapidly by changing their own costs. This is a long ways from the days when value books were set in type and couldn't be changed for a considerable length of time. Presently most costs can be balanced a few times each day, if necessary. Obviously, this is a game that the aircrafts are especially skilled at. As buyers have increasingly straightforward access to continuous flight valuing through online administrations like Orbitz, so the aircrafts are nearly committed to conform to one another. This is especially obvious on courses where there is no maverick player, similar to Southwest Airlines or JetBlue as they may be (inside limits) allowed to change costs upward. For whatever length of time that the individuals from the oligopoly with genuine selling power i mplicitly concur that a significant value war isn't to their greatest advantage, odds are that costs can rapidly straighten out themselves, remembering the parity of expenses and ideal costs for keeping up beneficial deals levels. By and by, the consolidated piece of the overall industry of the Big Five system carriers (Delta, United, American, US Airways, and Northwest ) that crested in 1992 has been declining since deregulation [ *]. Besides, with the inundation of a few minimal effort transporters, implied agreement is getting hard to sort out, hide and uphold despite the fact that oligopolistic soundness and its deceitful results are unavoidable concomitants of oligopoly industry structure. Valuing Valuing is significant for the transporters. In the event that costs are excessively low or excessively high, it can haul down benefits. Consequently, it is significant for the transporters to infer beneficial airfares and disheartens unrewarding one. To expand benefits, the bearers should set costs so minimal income just equivalents minor expense. As it were, it should utilize benefit augmenting costs as the beginning stage. The financial model of evaluating ****show diagram****, which is called minimal cost valuing, unmistakably recognizes an estimating technique that will expand benefits. This valuing procedure likewise recognizes the data expected to set costs, accordingly disentangling the procedure. At the end of the day, the benefit boosting cost is the place the gradual edge rate rises to the corresponding of the total estimation of the value versatility demandâ [1]â [ **] Based on evaluating rule, the transporters ought to alter its cost where there are changes in the value flexibility of interest or negligible expense since the bearers contend under oligopoly scenes with homogeneous administrations. Airfares have dropped fundamentally throughout the years [***] since deregulation which assisted with recreating rivalry bringing about the passageway of a few ease bearers. This could halfway because of controller and oligopolies increment efficiencies, squeezing their providers just as squeezing the wages and advantages of their workers Hence there is developing conviction is that oligopolies can be value nonpartisan instead of controlling costs. The key variable for aircraft transporter is cost in the short run. For the most part without item and administration separation, the essential assistance offered by the bearers would be homogeneous. Under the Bertrand model, the transporters which produce at consistent peripheral cost and contend forcefully on cost so as to increase a greater portion of the market. Under such condition, the market balance is entirely serious evaluating. Be that as it may, in a freely sew oligopoly structure, the individual transporter has motivation to offer heterogeneous administrations. Through heterogeneous administrations, it can charge customized estimating or bunch evaluating dependent on traveler ready to-pay to accomplish higher benefits. For instance, if transporter X sells its airfares at a solitary, it loses in two different ways. Right off the bat, some traveler would pay more than $100 for a ticket during the most recent hour of the flight. Also the carri

Learning Acitivity Essay Example for Free

Learning Acitivity Essay 2.Identify and portray three administration styles. Give instances of these styles in the public arena? Tyrant Leadership is one that takes individual charge of dynamic, and requests that bunch individuals obey orders (Macionis, 2013. P110). Bill Gates is an incredible case of dictator initiative. Bill had a dream after he took lead of the organization and he utilized every single imaginable asset inside his compass and made a fantasy reality. Bill Gates didn't counsel others on what direction his organization should take. Majority rule Leadership is coming to a meaningful conclusion and remembering everybody for the dynamic procedure (Macionis, 2013. P110). Dwight Eisenhower is perhaps the best individuals for this. While filling in as a General in the Army he had an errand to get the partnership all on the same wavelength this he invested wholeheartedly and difficult work doing as such. Free enterprise Leadership permits gathering to work pretty much all alone (free enterprise in French methods â€Å"leave it alone†). (Macionis, 2013. P110). The Danish government embraced this style of administration and permitted cannabis to be smoked and permitted open prostitution. 3.What does the examination by Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram show us about the capacity of social gatherings to influence the assessments and conduct of gathering individuals? The examination indicated that individuals when under tension by peers or a definitive figure accommodate. Solomon Asch (1952) selected understudies for what he revealed to them was an investigation of visual recognition (Macionis, 2013, p. 110). Be that as it may, what he did was make the understudies structure a little gathering and put focus on one of the understudies. Asch gave them card 1 with a typical line at that point requested that they coordinate it to card 2 that had three lines on the card. 33% of the understudies decided to respond to the inquiry mistaken simply like different understudies. Stanley Milgram, a previous understudy of Solomon Asch’s led congruity tests investigation of his own (Macionis, 2013, pg.111). Milgram had an increasingly questionable examination he took male subjects and put them in electric sort of seat to show how discipline influences learning. The instructor to begin with 15v and each time that one of the subjects missed the point the voltage would increment and despite the fact that the degrees of voltage arrived at 450 volts Milgram was shocked how energetically individuals obeyed authority. .

How to Get Around Campus

How to Get Around Campus Hi Friends! Quick campus update: leaves are falling, its chilly, and its almost HALLOWEEN! I wanted to loop you guys in on something Im trying to actively do as the seasons transition. I normally bike everywhere I go. Like everywhere, to and from work (which is off campus), class, meetings, and the mall. I love biking, and it literally beats all other means of travel in terms of time. But its getting chilly, my tires are mad thin, and I cant really ride in snow or cold weather. This has been a difficult process for me because I live 2 blocks off the east side of campus. I have 3 bus stops near my apartment, so access to a bus hasnt been the struggleâ€"its that timing. Im so used to leaving my house 10 minutes before class because I can bike there in 5. Now with this cold, I can either walk or take the bus. Ive been slowly trying to transition my time schedule to accommodate for the longer travel time but this is not easy. For example, I have a 9:30 a.m. class in the Education building. Its about a 30-minute walk, 15-minute bus ride plus 5-minute walk, OR an 8-minute bike ride. With this extra travel time I have reconsider whether I come home for lunch or not and how fast I move in the morning. Overall, its not really that big of a deal but I just wanted to tell this story to bring up the topic of getting around campus. As you can probably guess, I would say walking is the most common way most people get around campus. I know campus is huge and that tends to scare people. In reality, youre only going to have classes in the buildings more central to campus. The Bardeen, Main, and South Quads house most of the buildings you will have classes in. All other buildings are right behind those. You really wont need to stress much about having more than 15-20 minute walks to get where you need (and thats at the high end!). Alright, so theres walking. The only worry you need to have about walking is when you are making your class schedule. Since, for me at least, walking is the slowest mode of transit, I always have to keep in mind the 10-minute passing periods. So since you only have 10 minutes to get to back-to-back classes, you may want to avoid scheduling yourself from having to go from one end of campus to the other. For example, you have a 10-10:50 a.m. lecture at Foellinger Auditorium and you have the option of choosing a discussion section that meets in the Chemistry Annex (5 min walk) or Engineering Hall (~8min walk). Which are you going to choose? The one thats closer to the building youre already in. This is a big pro tip for winter so you dont have to be outside in the cold for long (or summer if you dont like the heat). Ill write a blog soon on tips I have for picking the perfect schedule, but I do have a disclaimer: sometimes you dont have a choice but to pick a class where the building is super far away and may take you longer to get to. I had this happen to me before, where one required class was in the Armory and the other was in Rodger Adams Laboratory. So in these situations, its important to let your professors and TAs know that you will be late most days. This will let them know that you arent being careless, but instead have a long commute. Normally professors are okay with this and might have a request that you sit in the back to not disturb the class or something. What are other modes of transportation on campus? Im going to rank these in the amount of time it takes for ME to get somewhere. It may be shorter or longer for others. Biking: Fast, Fun, and Reliable Fun factâ€"the last I checked, the UIUC campus has over 9 miles of bike lane. Yup, that means no matter where youre trying to go, there is most likely a bike path that can get you there. Also fun factâ€"there is a campus bike center. This place is awesome with helping people fix their bikes or even build one from scratch. This is the fastest way I know how to get around. The campus is relatively flat, so the biggest hill you will encounter is on the Main Quad. Therere also places around campus that have basic bike tools to help you fix a quick thing here and there. Dont fret about bike parking because it is outside every single building on campusâ€"you just need a bike lock. Walking: Soothing, Common, and Paced Like I said before, walking is the most common way of getting anywhere on this campus. I already mentioned how to make sure this works with your schedule, so scroll up for a recap if you need one. MTD: Anywhere, Everywhere, and Good Company Theres a running joke on campus that you should always thank your bus driver, but is it really a joke? Our MTD bus drivers on campus are some of the most kindhearted people and WILL wait for you if they see you running for the bus. We should all be greeting and thanking them as much as we can! I heard this statistic a while back, so dont quote me on this: MTD was once ranked the 4th best public transit in the country. Again, old, but Id believe it any day. The bus can take you ANYWHERE on and OFF campus. Need to go grocery shopping? Want to go on a date in downtown Champaign or Urbana? Want to visit a public library? Dont want to walk to class because the polar vortex is back? MTD ALWAYS HAS YOUR BACK. There are bus stops everywhere and a handy dandy app that updates every minute to let you know how far the bus is. Included in your school fees is unlimited access to the busâ€"all you have to do is show the bus driver your iCard. Should I bring my car to campus? No. No. No. No no. NO. I cannot emphasize this enough, but cars are NOT necessary (in my opinion) if you are living in the residence halls. You may be thinking, Well my class is far from my hallâ€"I can drive there. Actually, lets break this down so you have a better understanding as to why a car on campus is a bad idea. 1. Parking You cannot park outside your residence hall. How parking passes work is you pay for one, and you get an assigned parking lot. Not only are parking passes expensive (Im not talking $90 expensive, Im talking hundreds of dollars expensive), but the chances that you will get your residence halls parking lot is slim to none. Keep in mind, these parking spots arent going to other students but to faculty and staff that HAVE to drive to campus and need a place to park. Here is some perspectiveâ€"my boss works in the NHB, his parking pass is for ISR, a 5-min walk from the building. But why, if the NHB has its own parking lot? Well, because available parking spots are limited, and if faculty and staff cant get a spot in the building they work in, chances are not looking so good for a student. This is not to say you wont get a spot, because you will if you paid for a parking pass. Your spot will just be far from your residence hall. 2. Driving to Class So lets imagine you got a spot right outside your residence hall. Awesome! Can you use your car to drive to class? Theoretically yes, but where are you going to park your car? Your parking pass only works for the lot you are assigned toâ€"all other lots are off-limits. Alright, so how about metered parking? Yeah, that works! I would be worried that if you drive everyday to all your classes, the price would rack up a bit, but it is technically an option. Warning: if you park in metered spots, whats to say there is one available? Metered parking on campus is very much limited, so what if you dont beat all the other students driving to class? Also to keep in mind is the actual driving to class. Youre in a car, youre obviously going to go faster than those walking, but are you really? I have seen cars stopped at a stop sign for 5 minutes because pedestrians just keep walking. There are 40-50K students on this campus. Now imagine a passing period. People will keep walking to get to class and do not care if it is technically your turn at the stop sign. Your predicted 5-min drive to class turns into a 15-minute drive because of people traffic. At that point, just walk and save the gas and meter money. This is not to say that you should never bring a car to campus. If you ever decide to move out of the residence halls and live off campus in an apartment, cars are a great option. Again, not to drive to class, but to go grocery shopping or hang out with friends off campus. My roommate has a car in our house, and its awesome to have when we want to go home or get food off campus, but she doesnt drive it to class for those many reasons. This was a long one friends. I hope you got some insight on how to get around campus. I didnt mention skateboards, rollerblades, or Heelys, but I would put those in the same category as a bike. Walk if you like walking, bike if you want most time efficiency, and bus if its cold or you dont like walking. This campus may be huge, but its very much manageable to get around in. Let me know if you guys have any other questions about transportation on and off campus! Happy Fall! JN Julissa Class of 2020 I am majoring in Integrative Biology within the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I am from Lemont, a small southwest suburb of Chicago. If you want to read about the daily life of a student on campus and get some tips and tricks in the trade, my post are for you!

You Have Benefited From Animal Testing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 361 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? If you have ever taken any type of medicine or had a vaccine, you have benefited from animal testing: Research with animals led to vaccinations against smallpox, measles, mumps, and tetanus. The worlds first vaccine was tested on a cow in 1796 during the observation of milkmaids who caught cowpox, which is now called smallpox, from infected cow utters. This disease was eradicated in 1980 with the help of lab animals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "You Have Benefited From Animal Testing" essay for you Create order Looking at the more frequent viruses in our everyday lives like bacterial infections, which are extremely common and affect most people many times throughout their lives, today most of them are readily treatable with antibiotics such as penicillin. The effectiveness of penicillin and other antibiotics as treatments for bacterial infections was established through research using mice and other rodents. Scientists continue to use animals to determine what antibiotics are effective against specific organisms, their toxicity, and their potential side effects. Medical researchers need to understand health problems before they can develop ways to treat them. Another significant vaccine that was discovered with the service of animals in medical research was the polio vaccine. Polio is a highly infectious disease that mainly affects children under the age of 5. It invades the nervous system and can cause permanent paralysis in a matter of hours. The polio vaccine which was tested on chimpanzees, reduced the global occurrence of disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to just 22 cases in 2017. Polio is now practically unknown in the USA and Europe and more than 16 million people have been saved from paralysis. Animal Testing ProCon.org. (2016, March 24). Another very important discovery was in the early 1920s when Frederick Banting found the hormone insulin in the pancreatic extract of dogs. He instituted that it significantly lowered the dogs blood glucose levels to normal. Banting and his medical student, Charles Best, continued working on their discovery and perfected it in 1922. They used it to successfully treat a young boy with severe diabetes and went on to win the 1923 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine. Roughly one million people in the world use insulin for their diabetes (Virginia, 2016). Thanks to lab animals, we now have important vaccines to treat everyday illnesses. (Rogers, K. 2014)

Brave New World and Dubliners - 1576 Words

Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, is a thought provoking novel set in a future of genetically engineered people, amazing technology and a misconstrued system of values. Dubliners, written by James Joyce, is a collection of short stories painting a picture of life in Dublin Ireland, near the turn of the 19th century. Though of two completely different settings and story lines, these two works can and will be compared and contrasted on the basis of the social concerns and issues raised within them. One of the first things stressed in Brave New World is the idea that there is no real discrimination. Though it is true that there is a class system, the classes are derived from the fact that people are genetically engineered†¦show more content†¦Especially if love can be defined as being comfortable and intimate with someone who accepts one for who they are and all they stand for. If that were the case then in Brave New World, in a convoluted way, every single pers on, in belonging to everyone else, also loves everyone else. But as love can not be defined so simply, this is not true. The absence of love in Huxley#8217;s novel is most obviously deliberate, just as the inclusion of love in certain pieces in Dubliners is intentional. The reason it appears obvious is that Huxley goes to great lengths to describe his world in great detail and yet does not mention love as a part of it. The reason love is brought to bear as a social issue is that without it, imagine how bland things would be. For example, fine art would have no passion, literature would contain no romance, music would be lifeless without the soul behind it. All these things and more make love a thing of huge importance in life. Michael Furey, in #8220;The Dead#8221; would not have had The Lass of Aughrim to sing, the narrator of #8220;Araby#8221; would have had no reason to go to the bazaar, in fact, many of the stories within Dubliners may never have been written. Love also pl ays a large role in family. Within Dubliners, family is an important factor in various stories. One such story is #8220;Eveline#8221;. Though it is true that in this situation, the family described may not be a precisely happy one, it is a familyShow MoreRelatedPlay Analysis : Play Dubliners 1187 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 4441 August 21st 2014 Scoring Joyce: The Role of Music in James’ Dubliners Walter Pater pointed out that â€Å"[a]ll arts constantly aspires towards the condition of music† (page number!) in his book The Renaissance. Indeed, music crosses the language barrier and truly conveys the emotion to the audience; it has a powerful appeal to people. While literature, especially the realism literature rationally depicts the real world. The combination of music and literature is the perfect combination ofRead MoreSymbolism Used in James Joyces Dubliners2126 Words   |  9 PagesIn these stories, titled Dubliners, Joyce uses symbolism not only to enhance the stories, but to also show the hidden, underlying message of each story without coming out and saying it directly. Joyce’s stories are centered on the problems of Dublin and through his use of symbolism Joyce is able to focus attention on what problem each story is addressing. James Joyce, author of Dubliners, uses symbolism effectively to enhance the stories. The first story in Dubliners deals with the problems ofRead MoreThe Easter Rising of 1916 Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pageshand did not want home rule if it meant that their culture and tradition was to be submerged into a catholic state. Before the English could impose more laws on the Irish, another event occurred which would have massive impact - World War 1. This was the opportunity the I.R.B had been waiting for. They decided that another armed resistance should occur before the end of the War, believing that as most of the English army would be involved in the fighting in mainlandRead MoreDubliners By James Joyce : Summary2065 Words   |  9 PagesElana Sanguigni Period 3-Honors English May 9, 2016 Quarter 4 RRJ Dubliners By: James Joyce SUMMARY—ENTRY NO. 1 PAGE/SCREEN 8 TO PAGE/SCREEN 15 (â€Å"An Encounter†) Joe Dillon is a boy, who introduced the Wild West. He has a library of Wild West stories, and every evening after school the boys would meet in the back garden and pretend they were Indians. Joe and his brother, Leo, would fight hard. The other boys never won a battle. Every morning, at eight-o’-clock, Joe’s parents would go to churchRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 PagesIntroduction: THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS NOT WITH A BANG BUT A WHIMPER T.S.Eliot, The Hollow Men (95-98). The end of The Hollow Men can only be the beginning of a deep and long reflection for thoughtful readers. T.S. Eliot, who always believed that in his end is his beginning, died and left his verse full of hidden messages to be understood, and codes to be deciphered. It is this complexity, which is at the heart of modernismRead MoreThe taste of melon by borden deal11847 Words   |  48 PagesThe moon floated up into the sky, making everything almost as bright as day, but at the same time softer and gentler than ever daylight could be. It was the kind of night when you feel as though you can do any132 Look Closely thing in the world, even boldly asking Willadean Wills for a date. On a night like that, you couldn’t help but feel that she’d gladly accept. â€Å"Boy, what a moon!† J.D. said when I met them. â€Å"Wouldn’t you like to take old Willadean out on a night like this?† Freddy

Who is a Hero for You Free Essays

UlEverybody may be confused to what would be the answer with the question, † Who is a Hero and How can you be a Hero? â€Å". From the word itself, Hero means a person with a powerful body, a strong open mind, and someone who lives according to their values and ambitions. So, who really is a Hero and how you can be one of it? Is it those who made a revolutionary cause to impose away the non-native colonizers? Or is it someone who did a silent and solemnizes way to drive away those who omitted an immoral deeds to our beloved country? Every person in this world can be considered a hero in his own littlest or largest great way. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is a Hero for You? or any similar topic only for you Order Now For there are countless ways and reasons to be done and to be one. In our nation, we used to give an account to those who fought for our freedom. Yes, I also consider them as one but whom I supposed to look upon is the one who faced a lot of trouble and excruciation not only from exterior but from within as well and still, made a way to set It aside and soar upon it. It is not about being a hypocrite for we are taking a subject about a roes life, but it is about my realization to whom I should consider a hero according to the discussions and readings that we have been taking. A hero for me Is the one who really loves his country that much, and someone who Is concern with his countrymen. A man who Is able to keep on fighting for our own freedom and Justice with handling his beliefs and philosophy until his last breath. A hero Is also the one who Is a master in not Just one field and skill but about more than a number In a decade. Someone who can’t see his country and fellowmen suffering because of the abusive government and colonizers. A real hero Is the one who has a lot of dreams for his nation and his people, and never stopped to strive and rise upon It even he has his own Incapableness, weaknesses and luckless. Therefore, the above title â€Å"The undying Past-Master† means that though this someone Is already burned under the stone, he Is still being remembered and until now, his greatness Is still In our dally lives, wherever else. The life of him has past already but his legacy In works and deeds will always be an undying one for It Is such a great Influence and Inspiration to each and everyone of us, that someday soon despite of our Imperfections, we can cake a better things not Just for ourselves but also to others. Who is a Hero for You? By Cheekbone not only from exterior but from within as well and still, made a way to set it aside and to the discussions and readings that we have been taking. A hero for me is the one who really loves his country that much, and someone who is concern with his countrymen. A man who is able to keep on fighting for our own freedom and Justice with handling his beliefs and philosophy until his last breath. A hero is also the one who is a master in not Just one field and skill but about more than a number in a abusive government and colonizers. A real hero is the one who has a lot of dreams for his nation and his people, and never stopped to strive and rise upon it even he has his own incapableness, weaknesses and luckless. Therefore, the above title â€Å"The Undying Past-Master† means that though this someone is already buried under the stone, he is still being remembered and until now, his greatness is still in our daily lives, wherever else. The life of him has past already but his legacy in works and deeds will always be an undying one for it is such a great influence and inspiration to each and everyone of us, that someday soon despite of our imperfections, we can How to cite Who is a Hero for You?, Papers

A Streetcar Named Desire As Related To Setiing Essay Example For Students

A Streetcar Named Desire As Related To Setiing Essay A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams uses setting to illustrate various themes and messages as they pertain to the events of the play. The setting plays a crucial role in the story line and the outcome of the play. This play takes place in New Orleans Louisiana. New Orleans is a very lively town that is known as a party town and for it being a rough town. New Orleans is a town in which inhibition is suppressed and people try to have fun all the time, while not worrying about the little things in life. This is especially true for the French quarter of New Orleans, which is the setting for this play. New Orleans is know for Mardi Gras and illusion, but it is also a city of reality. Blanche does not fit in well with the New Orleans style of life from the first minute that she steps into New Orleans. Blanche is from a prim and proper society. She grew up on a wealthy southern plantation and was used to taking things slow and doing things the old fashioned way. New Orleans is an overwhelming place for Blanche. Belle Reve and New Orleans are a great contrast as are Blanche and Stanley. Blanche is refined as was Belle Reve. Belle Reve was a place that was distinguished and recognized. Blanche and Stan ley come from two very different backgrounds. Blanche is not accustomed to the realities of New Orleans that is the life that Stanley lives. The reality of New Orleans and Stanley is too much for Blanche to take in and comprehend. The illusion that Blanche lives in is crushed by Stanley and him being able to see through her illusion. The reality of New Orleans first hits Blanche when she arrives in Elysian Fields and first sees where Stella lives. Elysian Fields means heaven, but in reality Blanche views this place as hell. She can not believe that Stella would live in such a poor apartment after the life they grew up living. The apartment also plays a crucial role in the play. The fact that the apartment has only three rooms and only curtains instead of doors between the rooms allows for the events of the play to unfold. Due to the fact that the apartment is so small it causes many confrontations between Blanche and Stanley. This is most evident during the poker game scene. Blanche and Stella return to the apartment while the poker game is still underway. Blanche turns on the radio and Stanley immediately yells to turn it off. This and other factors all lead to an argument and ultimately lead to Stanley hitting Stella. This may not have happened if Stanley and Stella lived in a luxurious home with many rooms, be cause then Blanche and Stella would not have had to be in contact with Stanley. Another key element in the story is the blue piano. Whenever this piano is heard playing during the play it signifies that Stanley has had a victory over Blanche in some way. The blue piano also signifies that Blanches illusion is begging to unravel. The reality of Blanches situation becomes apparent to Stanley who then tries to expose Blanche for what she really is. Light within the play also becomes apparent as a theme. Blanche buys the lantern shade to place on the exposed light bulb in the apartment. Blanche also chooses to go out with Mitch in only dark places and only after sunset. This is because the light is a symbol of truth and she must hide her true self as part of her illusion. .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .postImageUrl , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:hover , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:visited , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:active { border:0!important; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:active , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter - A Story To Relate To EssayBlanche is overwhelmed by the surroundings of New Orleans. The setting of the play was what allowed the story to unfold. If this play had taken place in a different city it would not be the same. New Orleans was needed, because of the reputation of the city and the underlying spirit of New Orleans. The small apartment helped to fuel the feud between Blanche and Stanley and ultimately made the play unfold in a way that could not have occurred in any other place. All of the small and large parts of the setting came together to place Blanche and Stanley in a unique setting for which to carry out their parts in the play.

Ethical Culture Audit

Table of Contents Introduction Ethical Culture Systems Alignment Recommendations Conclusion Introduction The organizational culture is very important for the company as it enables the management to ensure that all employees are aligned to the culture and make decisions in accordance with the corporate policies concerning the behavior and norms of conduct. At the same time, weak ethical culture of the company contributes negatively to the company’s performance and employees’ commitment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ethical Culture Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, weak alignment to corporate ethical culture may be beneficial for individuals due to unethical behavior as a part of such organizations that becomes an integral component of an individual’s behavior as far as he/she works there. The person I have interviewed is called Frances Jones (the name is changed as this p erson did not give her written consent so that I could openly present the information; so, it was agreed that I change her name and can proceed without altering information). Frances Jones worked for two years for the company American Airlines. Analyzing the interviewee’s report and the information available on the official website of the company, I found out that the company has a strong ethical culture system based on a combination of formal and informal characteristics. A more detailed analysis is introduced in the body of the report. Ethical Culture Systems The formal ethical culture system includes such concepts as executive leadership, selection system, policies and codes, orientation and training, performance management, authority structure, and decision processes. The informal ethical culture system consists of such components as role models or heroes, norms, rituals, myths or stories, and language. As such, the American Airlines company has no formal executive leader who would create or change the formal and informal ethical culture systems and the way they operate. However, absence of a formal executive leader does not give rise to the spread of unethical behavior in the company due to the strong alignment of the staff members to the ethical culture propagated in company. At the same time, there are no such components of the informal ethical culture system as role models/heroes. However, the rules of corporate behavior presuppose that in some cases employees should address their issues to supervisors or Chief Compliance Officer concerning the ethical behavior.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selection system is anther formal element of the system which means that people are selected in a certain manner to meet the corporate ethical culture requirement. The main requirement of the company includes ability to act in accordance with the rules of ethical behavior and improve one’s skills in terms of operation in the company, effective performance of training procedures, and effective application of practices in operation. This practice supports ethical behavior in organization because employees are treated on the equal bases and have no special privileges. Norms is a component of the informal corporate ethical culture system. This element is not always based on the ethical behavior and does not always support ethical behavior. This is an example when norms can be ethical or unethical and support different types of behavior. In other words, the American Airlines have no norms that support unethical behavior because for each case of misconduct (unethical behavior) there is a punishment up to termination of the employment. The next component to be discussed for the American Airlines company is the policies/codes. There are a number of policies in this organization that enhance ethical behavior and contribute pos itively to the overall performance of employees and organization. The policies include training policy which presupposes that each employee should pass the training program to be able to work further; work environment policy that excludes any harassment (as well as sexual) in the workplace; data privacy policy that prevents leakage of information to competitors; hate-related conduct policy that stipulates the rules of behavior that should be in the framework of the company’s rules; bribes/illegal payment policy that prevents the staff members from being involved in such illegal issues. There is no evidence of rituals and their support for either ethical or unethical behavior. The training is a strong component of American Airlines’ corporate ethical culture which contributes greatly to the ethical actions taken by staff members in all levels.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ethical Culture Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More As such, employees and managers are encouraged to improve their performance after finishing their training which is recorded to keep the results about those efforts and report to supervisors or to mangers that are responsible for the training records policy. Besides, this element of the formal system is claimed to be one of the strongest components that support ethical behavior in the company. Myths and stories are integral parts of every company’s corporate culture. However, there is no evidence of stories created and maintained as a part of the corporate ethical image by leaders of the company. New-comers benefit from stories told by staff members and behave ethically due to the nature of those stories that dwell on the cases such as ‘what happens if’. Performance management is a part of formal corporate ethical culture system as it is aimed at improving the effectiveness of performance by a reward system. In other words, employe es should report about certain misconduct and unethical behavior by other employees of different structural levels. To ensure that no individual would be jeopardized by reporting about inappropriate behavior, anonymous reports were made possible for employees of the American Airlines company. The language of the staff members should be corresponding to their positions. For example, stewards and stewardesses are not allowed to behave unethically in terms of language when they are at work or wearing the uniform of the company. Besides, professional language presupposes that employees are polite with customers and can use different psychological techniques such as soothing tone to reassure the customers to calm down. This informal component of the ethical culture of the company is aimed at supporting ethical behavior of staff members. Authority structure is one of the strongest components of both formal and informal ethical culture systems because it enables managers and other staff me mbers for strict supervision. However, the employees of the American Airlines company are encouraged to use anonymous reports to inform executives about the inappropriate behavior and misconduct. In this respect, the authority structure is weak but it contributes greatly to the ethical behavior. Decision process is the last component of the formal ethical culture system to review. Thus, it supports ethical behavior through a number of rules enumerated in the guidelines of the company about ethical behavior of employees. As such, the guidelines offer employees to think thoroughly before making decisions and weigh up all pros and cons before doing something that can contribute negatively to the image of the company in some way.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alignment Alignment is a process of behaving in the way a company requires it on a day-to-day basis without feeling restrained or being in conflict with supervisors, co-workers, and customers due to unethical behavior or the behavior which is not a part of the corporate ethical culture. In this respect, the company American Airlines has strong alignment in terms of formal and informal ethical culture systems developed and maintained within the organization. For instance, all employees follow the rules stipulated in policies because violation of those rules can result in termination of employment. As such, all employees are encouraged to report about the inappropriate behavior, especially if misconduct takes place as violation of the policy rules that stipulate the employees’ ethical behavior guidelines. Thus, though there is little evidence about some components of the formal ethical culture system, employees are aligned to this system in a clear way which contributes greatly to the effectiveness of performance of the company. Both formal and informal cultural systems are aligned to support ethical behavior because this behavior is the basis for effective performance. For example, customers would not use the services of the American Airlines company if they become witnesses of unethical behavior of the staff members. Moreover, customers’ loyalty is also developed due to the alignment of cultural systems to support ethical behavior. In this respect, the American Airlines company’s performance is designed in such a way that allows ordinary customers to report on certain misconduct and share their opinion about the performance of the company to enable customers. So, staff members conduct surveys to make sure that customers are satisfied with the company’s performance and would use its services the next time as well. Additionally, the surveys collected from customers can be considered another type of alignment that enables the company m onitor its staff’s performance and make adequate decisions to improve or reward it. As the alignment of the American Airlines of ethical culture is strong in both formal and informal systems, it can be considered a strong culture because it is designed to encourage employees behave ethically and no employee can behave unethically if others see him/her doing something inappropriate as the system of reporting is widely developed. Besides, authority structure seems to be misaligned in this company as it sends mixed messages. For instance, employees are encouraged to report about misconduct but if a supervisor is not the person you want to report to, you can use anonymous reporting options and tell about the problems without being potentially identified. In other words, the authority structure is clear but reporting is not conducted directly from one level to another but employees can skip levels and report directly to executives. Recommendations The culture can be improved to be more supportive for the ethical conduct by employees of the American Airlines company. For instance, it is necessary to make sure that all components of ethical cultural systems are supportive for the ethical behavior. As such, it is necessary to conduct recruitment with regard to the personal skills and inclinations of every applicant to make sure that he/she meets requirements of the company concerning ethical behavior and feels no stress being a part of the company and behaving in an ethical way within and outside the organization. Moreover, it is possible to introduce certain rituals that would encourage employees to behave ethically and feel emotionally comfortable with it. For example, it is possible to introduce certain meetings weekly or monthly so that employees shared thoughts about some new policies and their perception of changes. In addition, performance management can become stronger to ensure that performance of all employees is assessed in accordance with specific e valuation criteria and all employees are informed if some problems occur with their performance to have an opportunity to improve one’s skills. Conclusion The performance of each company depends on a number of factors that influence its reputation, financial performance, environmental safety, participation in charity and community’s activities as well as employees’ commitment. In this respect, it is necessary to infer from the information analyzed about the job hunting, future career, and future ethical leadership. So, it is important to know about the company’s corporate policies before applying for a job because a company may have strong selection system aimed at recruiting employees that have strong inclination for a particular type of work and specific personal skills and features that would be beneficial for this employee on specific position. Moreover, ethical culture of a company should not conflict with a person’s beliefs and values. For ex ample, if a corporate ethical culture is aimed at promoting the least ethically performing employees when a person is not able to conduct unethically, he/she would not get a promotion and would not be satisfied with the professional duties. On the other hand, a person that finds him-/herself in a corporate ethical culture that is not really ethical, he/she can begin behave unethically to fit the corporate standards. This report on Ethical Culture Audit was written and submitted by user Violet Bee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Low Man Essays

Low Man Essays Low Man Essay Low Man Essay My first impression of Willy is that he is a man whose mind is disintegrating and becoming incapable to do things on his own. You didnt smash the car, did you shows that Linda, his wife, believes he is becoming unstable. Im tired to the death is a quote from Willy and this shows us that Willy is a tired man. Because death is regarded as something that happens to bad people or old people this quote could also show that Willy is a bad person or that he is old and worn out. Within the opening conversation between Willy and Linda I have got the impression that Willy is disillusioned. The conversation between Willy and Linda changes repeatedly from one subject to another which to me shows that Willy is losing his mind and focus. Loman is a pun and creates the impression to me that Willy is a morally Low Man. Linda tries to help Willy on page three by suggesting other reasons why he isnt acting normal. She knows that Willy is losing his mind and feels that he should not have to come to terms with it so that he can keep doing his job and believing in this fake success he makes out to have. Maybe its your glasses shows that Linda is using excuses to make Willy feel better about losing his mind. She knows what is happening to Willy and doesnt want him to be upset. But you didnt rest your mind. Your mind is over active and the mind is what counts, dear is another example of Linda trying to make Willy feel better about himself so that he still feels proud. Within the play we see examples of the fact that Willys mind is fragmenting because he contradicts himself on various occasions. Biff is a god damn lazy bum and Biff is not lazy are quotes from Willy within sentences of each other. This shows how is mind is not functioning correctly as he can contradict himself without knowing in such a short space of time. Another example of Willy contradicting himself is when he is speaking about his Chevrolet. Chevrolet best car ever built is what Willy says about his car then only a few sentences after he contradicts himself by saying That goddamn Chevrolet they should prohibit the manufacture of that car. From this I can see that he is becoming mentally ill. My first impressions of Happy are that he is very chauvinistic because he refers to women as pig and creature. The name Happy is ironic because the truth is that he isnt happy. Happy has never allowed himself to turn towards defeat which shows he is being unrealistic and wont believe his Dad is false. Inside Happy lacks the right work ethic and integrity which should lead to him understanding the American Dream is flawed. Men built like we are should be working out in the open gives the impression that Happy believes that because he has muscles he will be a success. This belief has come from his Dad who has taught Biff and Happy the wrong morals. Because Happy has wrong morals and the wrong work ethic because he cant get promotion at work he has sex with the wife or wife to be of his boss so that he can feel good about himself which also shows he is shallow and has the wrong surface values. My first impressions Biff are that he is a ruthless man. The name Biff to me represents aggression and a strong sense of masculinity. The masculinity representation of the name is ironic because he is a thief and not a real man. He, like Happy, has been taught wrongly about life and the principles involved. Like with is father he is morally low and has wasted most of his life so far. The flute music in the play represents the fact that Willys Dad sold flutes and made them as a salesman. The flute music is also used to indicate that a flashback within Willys mind. This makes the audience aware of what is going on so no confusions happen. It is significant as it shows the reader that past generations of the Loman family were salesman. In the first real flashback we see Willys relationship with the teenage Happy and Biff. By buying the boys a punch bag Willy is teaching them the wrong attitude by telling them that if they have muscles and power they will be successful. Im losing weight Pop, you notice is Happy trying to get his Dads attention as he is focusing it all on his number one son, Biff. Willys relationship is poor with his teenage sons. Charley is not well liked is a quote from Willy trying to get his sons to believe that they can be successful if they are well liked. This undermines the truth where you have to work to become successful and this shows their relationship is poor because Willy is teaching Biff and Happy wrong. I can park my car in the street and the cops will protect it like their own is a lie from Willy. He is trying to pretend to Biff and Happy that he is well liked and people know him so that the boys idolise him. This proves that their relationship is very poor if Willy has to lie to Biff and Happy so they think he is a good person. From pages 21 to 24 I can see the realities of Willys working life. Willy had bought a cheap brand fridge in order to fulfil part of the American Dream in the sense that you have to have most household goods. The fridge has to have a new fan belt every so often which means Willy has fell for the advert that suggests the product is good. The irony with this is that a salesman has fell for the advert which shows the reality that Willy isnt a great salesman as a great salesman wouldnt do that. Willy is physically fat and customers call him. This is ironic as he always encourages Biff and Happy to be as strong and powerful as they can in order to be successful. From this you can get the impression that the reality is Willy is not a good salesman and he knows he isnt.

Project Proposal Of How CSR Improves Organisations Competitiveness Essay

Project Proposal Of How CSR Improves Organisations Competitiveness though Its Interactions with HRM and Marketing - Essay Example According to Amato & Amato, (2007) full implementation of the requirements of CSR I company management and business operations enhances innovative potential of the various regions of concern thereby increasing their competitiveness. Companies’ competitiveness through effective implementation of the fundamental principles of CSR can be envisioned at various levels. Castelo & Rodrigues, (2006) notice this improved competitiveness at four basic levels: the micro level, regional level, sectoral level and at the national or macro level. In regard to the topic of this proposal, increased competitiveness of companies through effective and efficient implementation of the guiding principles of CSR will be focused at the sectoral level. Effective human resources management through CSR is focused upon intersectoral improvements in terms of quality production and efficient delivery of services. This intersectoral improvement is what sets a company higher in the competition ladder compared to others in the same line of production across the globe. The goals of sustainable development are pegged upon effective industrial and companies’ management. This move ensures effective use of production resources such as human resources and other resources used in industrial production with an aim of improving the companies’ competitiveness while using as little resources as possible. Regarding this aspect, this research aims to investigate how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) improves organizations’ competitiveness through its interactions with HRM and Marketing. Effective company management looks into improving performance and competitiveness of the company by improving the quality of production and service provision in all sectors of the company’s operations. Concerning this argument, Halme, Roome, & Dobers, (2009) defines sectoral level competitiveness as the performance of a given company or industry in a given region

Travel and Leisure Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Travel and Leisure Industry - Assignment Example Attitudes to the industry in question Roles of men and women in the society What is the age and income profile of the citizens and how is it likely to change FOR CENTER PARCS Increased personal stress - Increased personal stress has become a way of life in UK and everyone is looking towards ancient therapies to relieve stress and regain vigour and health. Therefore, a need to rewind during the weekend and / or take a few days off for pure relaxation and rejuvenation is increasing. Increase in the older generation - The older population continues to increase with the 'baby boomers' reaching the age of above 55 years. The 'grey' market therefore is ready for boom. Increase in the corporate travel incentives - Corporate travel incentives has seen an increase over the year; a trend that is unlikely to change in a hurry. Increased interest in beauty and fitness - high interests in health, beauty and fitness among the UK populations have made the spa industry to be a sought after area of operation. Other factors - Reduced costs of airlines (Anon, 2005) . All this points towards a higher demand for services like health spas. TECHNOLOGY FACTORS The technological factors that one reviews are How vital is technology for the industry Does it allow for reduced variable cost of the product Does it allow for more innovative service FOR CENTER PARCS Technology of a different kind - Here a technology of a different kind is required. Understanding various treatments like 'Carita', 'Decleor', 'Elemis' and other such treatments is a must. The techniques of a Turkish bath, a Japanese Salt Room, Aromatherapy, Reflexology and many more do not come without technology. Trained professionals who are qualified need to be recruited to... Increase in the numbers for the older generation - Groups such as the Fitness Industry Association are lobbying for a US style tax system for the use of health clubs on the premise that by encouraging the citizens of UK to be healthier the load on the National Health Service will reduce (Anon, 2005). Taxes for the industry - There is a positive view on the overall taxation for the industry since the current government is encouraging citizens to take time off for leisure and is propelling the health industry into momentum. Increased personal stress - Increased personal stress has become a way of life in UK and everyone is looking towards ancient therapies to relieve stress and regain vigour and health. Therefore, a need to rewind during the weekend and / or take a few days off for pure relaxation and rejuvenation is increasing. Technology of a different kind - Here a technology of a different kind is required. Understanding various treatments like 'Carita', 'Decleor', 'Elemis' and other such treatments is a must. The techniques of a Turkish bath, a Japanese Salt Room, Aromatherapy, Reflexology and many more do not come without technology. At the beginning of 2003, the estimated number of private health clubs in UK was 2328. Other information sources suggest that these are conservative estimates and the actual number was close to 4271. It is clear therefore, the competition for Center Parcs is large. Most of these are luxurious

Issues Involved In Attracting Visitors To Museums Tourism Essay

Issues Involved In Attracting Visitors To Museums Tourism Essay In addition to its collection, preservation and educational role museums must also attract the largest possible audience to survive. Discuss this statement with reference to Heritage Tourism and a major London museum. Heritage tourism is a sector inside the tourism industry that has strong historical importance. It covers an area or object that can symbolize a culture, nature or just a specific environment that is important to remember and preserve throughout history. Widely mentioned in the 1990s the importance of heritage tourism grew becoming one of the most important sectors in the tourism industry, Palmer (1999) Heritage tourism is a very broad and multifaceted. It attempts to preserve the past for the benefit and interest of future generations. It can be represented through many forms such as literature, culture and traditions, architecture, landscapes and a variety of other objects. Heritage tourism is quite a new concept in tourism and it is complex because it differs from person to person depending on their beliefs, culture, traditions and/or nationality. It is easy to understand that heritage tourism is related to museums. Museums have a strong link with heritage tourism. Museums are meant to preserve all kinds of things that are relevant to history and make them available throughout the years. The main purpose of a museum is to sell history through an exhibition, preservation and storage of symbolic objects. Museums attempt to explain the importance of these objects and make it a enjoyable experience to its visitors. Most of the facts and events that we know about our history are because of the role that museums have in preserving history as well as explaining it Marstine (2006). Museums can be owned by the public and private sector and this can influence they way they operate and interact with the public and what they exhibit. Museums focus on many specific areas of history and, as they are business and they are managed in order to make profit, many exhibitions are prioritized according to the visitors interests, Garrod, (2008.) Museums focus primarily on visitors who are interested and are receptive to changes on their views and opinions about the world Langer (1993) Visitors of museums should understand the topic that the museum is trying to cover by questioning and reasoning. There can be two types of museum visitors defined by Langer (1993) and Moscardo (1996): the mindful and the mindless. A mindful visitor accepts information through various interpretations and is able to contextualize them. Being a mindful visitor means that one is able to accept that there is no single correct way to interpret a single historical situation. A mindless visitor finds other interpretations besides the one he or she possesses irrelevant as these visitors are not receptive as the mindful ones. They are not receptive to other interpretations or viewpoints because they are unable to question the information they already possess. Usually they are subject to believe and follow a single definition and/or stereotype. They are usually not interest, do not really know about the exhibition and do not care much about it. A good museum has to be entertaining for both types of visitors. A museum has to consider different morals, cultures, ideologies, traditions and political views from its visitors in order to offer them a good experience and make their visit interesting and worth their time and money spent. The Natural History Museum The Natural History Museum is located in London, England on Exhibition Road, in South Kensington, together with the science museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum. The museum is sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and has charitable purposes. It has been called The Natural History Museum since 1992 due to the Museums and Galleries Act. The museum has five specific collections related to botany, entomology, mineralogy, palaeontology and zoology. These five collections have around 70 million objects in total. The Natural History Museum is famous worldwide for its dinosaur exhibition that includes a large diplodocus dinosaur skeleton. The Natural History Museum is referred to in many research projects, focusing on areas such taxonomy, identification and preservation. Some of the items are as important scientifically as they are historically since Charles Darwin has worked with them directly. The museum has a large library that holds many scientific research books, articles, hand written documents and art collections. However this library is only accessible by appointment. Geological Museum The Natural History Museum joined the Geological Museum in 1986 from the British Geological Survey. The museum is internationally known for its James Gardiner exhibitions of the active volcano and earthquake devices. The museum has also hosted the first electronically generated exhibition called Treasures of the Earth. The galleries in the museum were redeveloped in 1996 and renamed The Earth Galleries. The galleries in the Waterhouse building were also renamed as The Life Galleries The Geological Museum shows examples from the 19th century of display techniques used in the Waterhouse building. Neal Potter designed the central atrium, where visitors are transported to this area through an escalator made out of plates that symbolize earth. The walls were made out of recycled materials with representations of the major stars and planets. The background has six imagines that demonstrate how older generations viewed earth. Darwin Centre Named after Charles Darwin, the Darwin Centre holds a collection of preserved animals, a work place for scientific researchers and recent educational visitor experiences. It was built in two phases and it is one of the most important ventures in the Natural History Museum. Phase one hosted the zoological items, mainly preserved in alcohol. Phase two holds the botanical exhibits. Phased two opened in 2009 and it is in a shape of a giant cocoon. The Darwin Centre became famous for Archie an eight meter long giant squid that hangs in the middle of the centre. The Attenborough Studio Named after Sir David Attenborough, a prestigious broadcaster and presenter, the Attenborough Studio holds the most important footages on natural History. In collaboration with the British Broadcast Corporation (BBC) the Attenborough Studio has as its main goal to share science education and preservation efforts through multimedia material, becoming a vital part of Darwin Centre. The West side of the building also keeps a wildlife garden, where various types of plants are on display and a possibly new type of insect species similar to the ant was discovered in 2007. The Museum also holds four different galleries that are differentiated by colour and contain different things, they are as follows: Red Zone: Earth Lab, Earths Treasury,Lasting Impressions, Restless Surface, Earth Today and Tomorrow, From the Beginning, The Power Within, Visions of Earth. Green zone: Birds, Creepy Crawlies, Ecology, Fossil Marine Reptiles, Giant Sequoia and Central Hall, Minerals, The Vault, Our Place in Evolution, Plant Power, Primates, Investigate. Blue zone: Dinosaurs, Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, Human Biology, Marine Invertebrates, Mammals (Blue Whale), Nature Live. Orange zone: Wildlife Garden, Darwin Centre. The Natural History Museum has become incredibly popular with its visitors over the years, because of its range of diverse things to see. It is not only popular for educational school trips but all kinds of people can come and find something they will be interested in. Politics The issue of politics in Museums can show in a clear way the attitude a certain nation may feel toward an issue in history, or how people have different ideas about what happened. For example, visiting a museum that has exhibits and galleries regarding past conflicts, these museums will portray their countries military objectives and assets as positive, this aides in the nations patriotism and makes nationals of the country proud when they visit. The recreation for some galleries and exhibits in the Natural History Museum rely mainly on the accuracy of the way that certain things are shown, as not many exhibits depict conflict in the past but are more focused on science, astrology and the earth as well as its living plants and animals. Dallen and Boyd (2003) say that One persons landmark may be an object of hostility to another Individuals may disagree the way that certain things are explained in the Museum, however the museum has had input from many reliable scientists and professor s over the years whose opinion on some exhibits and galleries cannot be argued. It is important to listen and understand the views that all individuals have regarding how things were in the past. For example issues that revolve around how the Earth came to be formed, some organizations disagree with the well known theory of the Big-Bang. Although not all organizations agree with each other, these are the kind of politics that are relevant to The Natural History Museum. Authenticity Authenticity is very important for museum visitors. According to Halewood and Hannom (2001) museums are appreciated by their visitors due to some of their characteristics, such as: Originality; Workmanship; Cultural and historical accuracy; Aesthetics Functions and use. In order to grant authenticity and organization academic expertise is essential for the success of any museum Shenhav-Keller (1993). The study of authenticity is a critical success factor for museum visitor management. The feeling of being in front of something that has been preserved since its creation is what most museums expect to offer to their visitors Marstine (2006). Visitors expect to see the objects on the museum as they were originally, this provides authenticity and should be prioritized in order to get full satisfaction from the museum visitors. Sometimes authenticity cannot be achieved because objects might not be in their original state and museums should try to restore them or create similar pieces to the originals (replicas). The Natural History Museum contains a number of authentic objects both old and new in its galleries and exhibits. For example the River Thames Whale that managed to get stuck in the River Thames in 2006, this whales bones have been arranged together and are now temporarily on display. The Darwin Centre also holds tens of millions of specimens that were once alive, most famously is the giant squid named Archie that hangs in the middle of the centre. The Museum also contains many authentic ancient fossils that have been found over the years, they are on display in the Green Zone area, as well as a completely authentic wildlife garden in the Orange Zone. A lot of the things to be seen in the Natural History Museum have also been manufactured or been made from originals so they are not entirely authentic. However the fact that they are replicated gives the visitor an idea of what an authentic original would have been like. Visitor Management The Natural History Museum received over 832,000 visitors during the year of 1958, and in 2009 visitor arrivals reached four million. Of course the museum was not so advanced in 1958 and has expanded dramatically since then, but the opening of such areas of the museum as the Darwin Centre and the Geological Museum have increased the amount of visitors over the years. The museum did not allow free entry until 2001, during the year 2000 visitor arrivals were only 1.7million but rose 42% during the month October, 2009, thanks to the help of the new and exciting Darwin Centre, this was the Museums busiest ever month. The following months even more visitors came to visit the National History Museum, this unusually high attendance of visitors was known within the museum as the Darwin effect. Hall McArthur (1996) stated that visitor management is the Management of visitors in a manner which maximises the quality of the visitor experience whilst assisting the achievement of an areas overall objectives The Natural History Museum has a dedicated Visitor Services team that makes sure that the needs of all visitors are adequately met during their visit. It is possible to call the customer services team before you arrive at the museum to find out when a good time to visit might be. For example elderly or disabled individuals may wish to visit the Museum when it is not so busy. The fact that the staff at the Museum can provide information on a good time for the individual calling to visit maximises their experience. The Museum also contains a cafe and other areas where visitors can refresh themselves with a drink or something to eat, as well as numerous bathroom facilities should they need to use them. Most exhibits and galleries are interactive and allow the visitor to get involved with what they are learning making it a more enjoyable experience. Should the visitor speak another language other than English there are also translations in other languages for many of the Museums descript ions and galleries. It is essential for Museum directors to take into account not only the comfort of the visitors who are being welcomed to the museum, but of course the valuable artefacts that are inside the museum as well as the condition of the museum itself. It is important that these museum directors manage their museum so that it remains in a good condition, and does not get damaged by an overflow of too many visitors at a particular time. Enough money must also be spent on restoring any damage that may have occurred due to too many visitors or lack of respect from individuals towards the museum site and its content. For this reason museums must limit the amount of visitors that are inside at any one time, or a daily limit in order to preserve the building for future use. Garrod and Fyall (2000) say that Conceivably, the higher weighting that is generally accorded to conservation might be the result of the particularly strong notion of futurity that is often associated with heritage assets. It is easy for this Museum in particular to become a victim of over-use as the admission is free, so managers must look carefully into the methods they use to control the flow of visitors coming in and out. The Visitor Services team at the National History Museum has many stewards both inside and outside that make sure everyone who is waiting in line is comfortable and aware of the time they must wait. The Museum directors make sure that they let the same proportion of people in the Museum that are also leaving the Museum. Conclusion We can see from this report the issues that are involved when attempting to attract the most visitors possible to a Museum. These issues revolve around Politics, Visitor Management and Authenticity of the contents of the Museum. We have seen that it is very important to control visitor management, not only for the comfort and safety of the visitors but also in order to uphold the quality of the Museum, its galleries and exhibitions. If a Museum becomes too crowded it is not a pleasant experience at all and will deter the visitor from returning. Authenticity is another issue that some visitors find of great importance if they feel that what they are seeing is not genuine, or has not been replicated to look genuine they will feel cheated and not return to the Museum again. Finally the politics involved are something that attracts visitors depending on the nature of the Museum as there are not much politics involved with The Natural History Museum. The Natural History Museum has had a good plan to accommodate visitors when they arrive at the Museum, they have had a very long time over the years to perfect their visitor management plans. The general management of this Museum has made it one of the most popular in the United Kingdom, attracting four million visitors in 2009 and has been very successful in attracting maximum amount of visitors whilst preserving and sustaining the contents of the Museum and the building itself.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 12~13

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