A Streetcar Named Desire As Related To Setiing Essay Example For Students

A Streetcar Named Desire As Related To Setiing Essay A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams uses setting to illustrate various themes and messages as they pertain to the events of the play. The setting plays a crucial role in the story line and the outcome of the play. This play takes place in New Orleans Louisiana. New Orleans is a very lively town that is known as a party town and for it being a rough town. New Orleans is a town in which inhibition is suppressed and people try to have fun all the time, while not worrying about the little things in life. This is especially true for the French quarter of New Orleans, which is the setting for this play. New Orleans is know for Mardi Gras and illusion, but it is also a city of reality. Blanche does not fit in well with the New Orleans style of life from the first minute that she steps into New Orleans. Blanche is from a prim and proper society. She grew up on a wealthy southern plantation and was used to taking things slow and doing things the old fashioned way. New Orleans is an overwhelming place for Blanche. Belle Reve and New Orleans are a great contrast as are Blanche and Stanley. Blanche is refined as was Belle Reve. Belle Reve was a place that was distinguished and recognized. Blanche and Stan ley come from two very different backgrounds. Blanche is not accustomed to the realities of New Orleans that is the life that Stanley lives. The reality of New Orleans and Stanley is too much for Blanche to take in and comprehend. The illusion that Blanche lives in is crushed by Stanley and him being able to see through her illusion. The reality of New Orleans first hits Blanche when she arrives in Elysian Fields and first sees where Stella lives. Elysian Fields means heaven, but in reality Blanche views this place as hell. She can not believe that Stella would live in such a poor apartment after the life they grew up living. The apartment also plays a crucial role in the play. The fact that the apartment has only three rooms and only curtains instead of doors between the rooms allows for the events of the play to unfold. Due to the fact that the apartment is so small it causes many confrontations between Blanche and Stanley. This is most evident during the poker game scene. Blanche and Stella return to the apartment while the poker game is still underway. Blanche turns on the radio and Stanley immediately yells to turn it off. This and other factors all lead to an argument and ultimately lead to Stanley hitting Stella. This may not have happened if Stanley and Stella lived in a luxurious home with many rooms, be cause then Blanche and Stella would not have had to be in contact with Stanley. Another key element in the story is the blue piano. Whenever this piano is heard playing during the play it signifies that Stanley has had a victory over Blanche in some way. The blue piano also signifies that Blanches illusion is begging to unravel. The reality of Blanches situation becomes apparent to Stanley who then tries to expose Blanche for what she really is. Light within the play also becomes apparent as a theme. Blanche buys the lantern shade to place on the exposed light bulb in the apartment. Blanche also chooses to go out with Mitch in only dark places and only after sunset. This is because the light is a symbol of truth and she must hide her true self as part of her illusion. .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .postImageUrl , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:hover , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:visited , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:active { border:0!important; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:active , .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305 .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub9b175fd747933f3c3f34eb3f9acc305:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter - A Story To Relate To EssayBlanche is overwhelmed by the surroundings of New Orleans. The setting of the play was what allowed the story to unfold. If this play had taken place in a different city it would not be the same. New Orleans was needed, because of the reputation of the city and the underlying spirit of New Orleans. The small apartment helped to fuel the feud between Blanche and Stanley and ultimately made the play unfold in a way that could not have occurred in any other place. All of the small and large parts of the setting came together to place Blanche and Stanley in a unique setting for which to carry out their parts in the play.

Ethical Culture Audit

Table of Contents Introduction Ethical Culture Systems Alignment Recommendations Conclusion Introduction The organizational culture is very important for the company as it enables the management to ensure that all employees are aligned to the culture and make decisions in accordance with the corporate policies concerning the behavior and norms of conduct. At the same time, weak ethical culture of the company contributes negatively to the company’s performance and employees’ commitment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ethical Culture Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, weak alignment to corporate ethical culture may be beneficial for individuals due to unethical behavior as a part of such organizations that becomes an integral component of an individual’s behavior as far as he/she works there. The person I have interviewed is called Frances Jones (the name is changed as this p erson did not give her written consent so that I could openly present the information; so, it was agreed that I change her name and can proceed without altering information). Frances Jones worked for two years for the company American Airlines. Analyzing the interviewee’s report and the information available on the official website of the company, I found out that the company has a strong ethical culture system based on a combination of formal and informal characteristics. A more detailed analysis is introduced in the body of the report. Ethical Culture Systems The formal ethical culture system includes such concepts as executive leadership, selection system, policies and codes, orientation and training, performance management, authority structure, and decision processes. The informal ethical culture system consists of such components as role models or heroes, norms, rituals, myths or stories, and language. As such, the American Airlines company has no formal executive leader who would create or change the formal and informal ethical culture systems and the way they operate. However, absence of a formal executive leader does not give rise to the spread of unethical behavior in the company due to the strong alignment of the staff members to the ethical culture propagated in company. At the same time, there are no such components of the informal ethical culture system as role models/heroes. However, the rules of corporate behavior presuppose that in some cases employees should address their issues to supervisors or Chief Compliance Officer concerning the ethical behavior.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selection system is anther formal element of the system which means that people are selected in a certain manner to meet the corporate ethical culture requirement. The main requirement of the company includes ability to act in accordance with the rules of ethical behavior and improve one’s skills in terms of operation in the company, effective performance of training procedures, and effective application of practices in operation. This practice supports ethical behavior in organization because employees are treated on the equal bases and have no special privileges. Norms is a component of the informal corporate ethical culture system. This element is not always based on the ethical behavior and does not always support ethical behavior. This is an example when norms can be ethical or unethical and support different types of behavior. In other words, the American Airlines have no norms that support unethical behavior because for each case of misconduct (unethical behavior) there is a punishment up to termination of the employment. The next component to be discussed for the American Airlines company is the policies/codes. There are a number of policies in this organization that enhance ethical behavior and contribute pos itively to the overall performance of employees and organization. The policies include training policy which presupposes that each employee should pass the training program to be able to work further; work environment policy that excludes any harassment (as well as sexual) in the workplace; data privacy policy that prevents leakage of information to competitors; hate-related conduct policy that stipulates the rules of behavior that should be in the framework of the company’s rules; bribes/illegal payment policy that prevents the staff members from being involved in such illegal issues. There is no evidence of rituals and their support for either ethical or unethical behavior. The training is a strong component of American Airlines’ corporate ethical culture which contributes greatly to the ethical actions taken by staff members in all levels.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ethical Culture Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More As such, employees and managers are encouraged to improve their performance after finishing their training which is recorded to keep the results about those efforts and report to supervisors or to mangers that are responsible for the training records policy. Besides, this element of the formal system is claimed to be one of the strongest components that support ethical behavior in the company. Myths and stories are integral parts of every company’s corporate culture. However, there is no evidence of stories created and maintained as a part of the corporate ethical image by leaders of the company. New-comers benefit from stories told by staff members and behave ethically due to the nature of those stories that dwell on the cases such as ‘what happens if’. Performance management is a part of formal corporate ethical culture system as it is aimed at improving the effectiveness of performance by a reward system. In other words, employe es should report about certain misconduct and unethical behavior by other employees of different structural levels. To ensure that no individual would be jeopardized by reporting about inappropriate behavior, anonymous reports were made possible for employees of the American Airlines company. The language of the staff members should be corresponding to their positions. For example, stewards and stewardesses are not allowed to behave unethically in terms of language when they are at work or wearing the uniform of the company. Besides, professional language presupposes that employees are polite with customers and can use different psychological techniques such as soothing tone to reassure the customers to calm down. This informal component of the ethical culture of the company is aimed at supporting ethical behavior of staff members. Authority structure is one of the strongest components of both formal and informal ethical culture systems because it enables managers and other staff me mbers for strict supervision. However, the employees of the American Airlines company are encouraged to use anonymous reports to inform executives about the inappropriate behavior and misconduct. In this respect, the authority structure is weak but it contributes greatly to the ethical behavior. Decision process is the last component of the formal ethical culture system to review. Thus, it supports ethical behavior through a number of rules enumerated in the guidelines of the company about ethical behavior of employees. As such, the guidelines offer employees to think thoroughly before making decisions and weigh up all pros and cons before doing something that can contribute negatively to the image of the company in some way.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alignment Alignment is a process of behaving in the way a company requires it on a day-to-day basis without feeling restrained or being in conflict with supervisors, co-workers, and customers due to unethical behavior or the behavior which is not a part of the corporate ethical culture. In this respect, the company American Airlines has strong alignment in terms of formal and informal ethical culture systems developed and maintained within the organization. For instance, all employees follow the rules stipulated in policies because violation of those rules can result in termination of employment. As such, all employees are encouraged to report about the inappropriate behavior, especially if misconduct takes place as violation of the policy rules that stipulate the employees’ ethical behavior guidelines. Thus, though there is little evidence about some components of the formal ethical culture system, employees are aligned to this system in a clear way which contributes greatly to the effectiveness of performance of the company. Both formal and informal cultural systems are aligned to support ethical behavior because this behavior is the basis for effective performance. For example, customers would not use the services of the American Airlines company if they become witnesses of unethical behavior of the staff members. Moreover, customers’ loyalty is also developed due to the alignment of cultural systems to support ethical behavior. In this respect, the American Airlines company’s performance is designed in such a way that allows ordinary customers to report on certain misconduct and share their opinion about the performance of the company to enable customers. So, staff members conduct surveys to make sure that customers are satisfied with the company’s performance and would use its services the next time as well. Additionally, the surveys collected from customers can be considered another type of alignment that enables the company m onitor its staff’s performance and make adequate decisions to improve or reward it. As the alignment of the American Airlines of ethical culture is strong in both formal and informal systems, it can be considered a strong culture because it is designed to encourage employees behave ethically and no employee can behave unethically if others see him/her doing something inappropriate as the system of reporting is widely developed. Besides, authority structure seems to be misaligned in this company as it sends mixed messages. For instance, employees are encouraged to report about misconduct but if a supervisor is not the person you want to report to, you can use anonymous reporting options and tell about the problems without being potentially identified. In other words, the authority structure is clear but reporting is not conducted directly from one level to another but employees can skip levels and report directly to executives. Recommendations The culture can be improved to be more supportive for the ethical conduct by employees of the American Airlines company. For instance, it is necessary to make sure that all components of ethical cultural systems are supportive for the ethical behavior. As such, it is necessary to conduct recruitment with regard to the personal skills and inclinations of every applicant to make sure that he/she meets requirements of the company concerning ethical behavior and feels no stress being a part of the company and behaving in an ethical way within and outside the organization. Moreover, it is possible to introduce certain rituals that would encourage employees to behave ethically and feel emotionally comfortable with it. For example, it is possible to introduce certain meetings weekly or monthly so that employees shared thoughts about some new policies and their perception of changes. In addition, performance management can become stronger to ensure that performance of all employees is assessed in accordance with specific e valuation criteria and all employees are informed if some problems occur with their performance to have an opportunity to improve one’s skills. Conclusion The performance of each company depends on a number of factors that influence its reputation, financial performance, environmental safety, participation in charity and community’s activities as well as employees’ commitment. In this respect, it is necessary to infer from the information analyzed about the job hunting, future career, and future ethical leadership. So, it is important to know about the company’s corporate policies before applying for a job because a company may have strong selection system aimed at recruiting employees that have strong inclination for a particular type of work and specific personal skills and features that would be beneficial for this employee on specific position. Moreover, ethical culture of a company should not conflict with a person’s beliefs and values. For ex ample, if a corporate ethical culture is aimed at promoting the least ethically performing employees when a person is not able to conduct unethically, he/she would not get a promotion and would not be satisfied with the professional duties. On the other hand, a person that finds him-/herself in a corporate ethical culture that is not really ethical, he/she can begin behave unethically to fit the corporate standards. This report on Ethical Culture Audit was written and submitted by user Violet Bee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Low Man Essays

Low Man Essays Low Man Essay Low Man Essay My first impression of Willy is that he is a man whose mind is disintegrating and becoming incapable to do things on his own. You didnt smash the car, did you shows that Linda, his wife, believes he is becoming unstable. Im tired to the death is a quote from Willy and this shows us that Willy is a tired man. Because death is regarded as something that happens to bad people or old people this quote could also show that Willy is a bad person or that he is old and worn out. Within the opening conversation between Willy and Linda I have got the impression that Willy is disillusioned. The conversation between Willy and Linda changes repeatedly from one subject to another which to me shows that Willy is losing his mind and focus. Loman is a pun and creates the impression to me that Willy is a morally Low Man. Linda tries to help Willy on page three by suggesting other reasons why he isnt acting normal. She knows that Willy is losing his mind and feels that he should not have to come to terms with it so that he can keep doing his job and believing in this fake success he makes out to have. Maybe its your glasses shows that Linda is using excuses to make Willy feel better about losing his mind. She knows what is happening to Willy and doesnt want him to be upset. But you didnt rest your mind. Your mind is over active and the mind is what counts, dear is another example of Linda trying to make Willy feel better about himself so that he still feels proud. Within the play we see examples of the fact that Willys mind is fragmenting because he contradicts himself on various occasions. Biff is a god damn lazy bum and Biff is not lazy are quotes from Willy within sentences of each other. This shows how is mind is not functioning correctly as he can contradict himself without knowing in such a short space of time. Another example of Willy contradicting himself is when he is speaking about his Chevrolet. Chevrolet best car ever built is what Willy says about his car then only a few sentences after he contradicts himself by saying That goddamn Chevrolet they should prohibit the manufacture of that car. From this I can see that he is becoming mentally ill. My first impressions of Happy are that he is very chauvinistic because he refers to women as pig and creature. The name Happy is ironic because the truth is that he isnt happy. Happy has never allowed himself to turn towards defeat which shows he is being unrealistic and wont believe his Dad is false. Inside Happy lacks the right work ethic and integrity which should lead to him understanding the American Dream is flawed. Men built like we are should be working out in the open gives the impression that Happy believes that because he has muscles he will be a success. This belief has come from his Dad who has taught Biff and Happy the wrong morals. Because Happy has wrong morals and the wrong work ethic because he cant get promotion at work he has sex with the wife or wife to be of his boss so that he can feel good about himself which also shows he is shallow and has the wrong surface values. My first impressions Biff are that he is a ruthless man. The name Biff to me represents aggression and a strong sense of masculinity. The masculinity representation of the name is ironic because he is a thief and not a real man. He, like Happy, has been taught wrongly about life and the principles involved. Like with is father he is morally low and has wasted most of his life so far. The flute music in the play represents the fact that Willys Dad sold flutes and made them as a salesman. The flute music is also used to indicate that a flashback within Willys mind. This makes the audience aware of what is going on so no confusions happen. It is significant as it shows the reader that past generations of the Loman family were salesman. In the first real flashback we see Willys relationship with the teenage Happy and Biff. By buying the boys a punch bag Willy is teaching them the wrong attitude by telling them that if they have muscles and power they will be successful. Im losing weight Pop, you notice is Happy trying to get his Dads attention as he is focusing it all on his number one son, Biff. Willys relationship is poor with his teenage sons. Charley is not well liked is a quote from Willy trying to get his sons to believe that they can be successful if they are well liked. This undermines the truth where you have to work to become successful and this shows their relationship is poor because Willy is teaching Biff and Happy wrong. I can park my car in the street and the cops will protect it like their own is a lie from Willy. He is trying to pretend to Biff and Happy that he is well liked and people know him so that the boys idolise him. This proves that their relationship is very poor if Willy has to lie to Biff and Happy so they think he is a good person. From pages 21 to 24 I can see the realities of Willys working life. Willy had bought a cheap brand fridge in order to fulfil part of the American Dream in the sense that you have to have most household goods. The fridge has to have a new fan belt every so often which means Willy has fell for the advert that suggests the product is good. The irony with this is that a salesman has fell for the advert which shows the reality that Willy isnt a great salesman as a great salesman wouldnt do that. Willy is physically fat and customers call him. This is ironic as he always encourages Biff and Happy to be as strong and powerful as they can in order to be successful. From this you can get the impression that the reality is Willy is not a good salesman and he knows he isnt.

Project Proposal Of How CSR Improves Organisations Competitiveness Essay

Project Proposal Of How CSR Improves Organisations Competitiveness though Its Interactions with HRM and Marketing - Essay Example According to Amato & Amato, (2007) full implementation of the requirements of CSR I company management and business operations enhances innovative potential of the various regions of concern thereby increasing their competitiveness. Companies’ competitiveness through effective implementation of the fundamental principles of CSR can be envisioned at various levels. Castelo & Rodrigues, (2006) notice this improved competitiveness at four basic levels: the micro level, regional level, sectoral level and at the national or macro level. In regard to the topic of this proposal, increased competitiveness of companies through effective and efficient implementation of the guiding principles of CSR will be focused at the sectoral level. Effective human resources management through CSR is focused upon intersectoral improvements in terms of quality production and efficient delivery of services. This intersectoral improvement is what sets a company higher in the competition ladder compared to others in the same line of production across the globe. The goals of sustainable development are pegged upon effective industrial and companies’ management. This move ensures effective use of production resources such as human resources and other resources used in industrial production with an aim of improving the companies’ competitiveness while using as little resources as possible. Regarding this aspect, this research aims to investigate how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) improves organizations’ competitiveness through its interactions with HRM and Marketing. Effective company management looks into improving performance and competitiveness of the company by improving the quality of production and service provision in all sectors of the company’s operations. Concerning this argument, Halme, Roome, & Dobers, (2009) defines sectoral level competitiveness as the performance of a given company or industry in a given region

Travel and Leisure Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Travel and Leisure Industry - Assignment Example Attitudes to the industry in question Roles of men and women in the society What is the age and income profile of the citizens and how is it likely to change FOR CENTER PARCS Increased personal stress - Increased personal stress has become a way of life in UK and everyone is looking towards ancient therapies to relieve stress and regain vigour and health. Therefore, a need to rewind during the weekend and / or take a few days off for pure relaxation and rejuvenation is increasing. Increase in the older generation - The older population continues to increase with the 'baby boomers' reaching the age of above 55 years. The 'grey' market therefore is ready for boom. Increase in the corporate travel incentives - Corporate travel incentives has seen an increase over the year; a trend that is unlikely to change in a hurry. Increased interest in beauty and fitness - high interests in health, beauty and fitness among the UK populations have made the spa industry to be a sought after area of operation. Other factors - Reduced costs of airlines (Anon, 2005) . All this points towards a higher demand for services like health spas. TECHNOLOGY FACTORS The technological factors that one reviews are How vital is technology for the industry Does it allow for reduced variable cost of the product Does it allow for more innovative service FOR CENTER PARCS Technology of a different kind - Here a technology of a different kind is required. Understanding various treatments like 'Carita', 'Decleor', 'Elemis' and other such treatments is a must. The techniques of a Turkish bath, a Japanese Salt Room, Aromatherapy, Reflexology and many more do not come without technology. Trained professionals who are qualified need to be recruited to... Increase in the numbers for the older generation - Groups such as the Fitness Industry Association are lobbying for a US style tax system for the use of health clubs on the premise that by encouraging the citizens of UK to be healthier the load on the National Health Service will reduce (Anon, 2005). Taxes for the industry - There is a positive view on the overall taxation for the industry since the current government is encouraging citizens to take time off for leisure and is propelling the health industry into momentum. Increased personal stress - Increased personal stress has become a way of life in UK and everyone is looking towards ancient therapies to relieve stress and regain vigour and health. Therefore, a need to rewind during the weekend and / or take a few days off for pure relaxation and rejuvenation is increasing. Technology of a different kind - Here a technology of a different kind is required. Understanding various treatments like 'Carita', 'Decleor', 'Elemis' and other such treatments is a must. The techniques of a Turkish bath, a Japanese Salt Room, Aromatherapy, Reflexology and many more do not come without technology. At the beginning of 2003, the estimated number of private health clubs in UK was 2328. Other information sources suggest that these are conservative estimates and the actual number was close to 4271. It is clear therefore, the competition for Center Parcs is large. Most of these are luxurious

Issues Involved In Attracting Visitors To Museums Tourism Essay

Issues Involved In Attracting Visitors To Museums Tourism Essay In addition to its collection, preservation and educational role museums must also attract the largest possible audience to survive. Discuss this statement with reference to Heritage Tourism and a major London museum. Heritage tourism is a sector inside the tourism industry that has strong historical importance. It covers an area or object that can symbolize a culture, nature or just a specific environment that is important to remember and preserve throughout history. Widely mentioned in the 1990s the importance of heritage tourism grew becoming one of the most important sectors in the tourism industry, Palmer (1999) Heritage tourism is a very broad and multifaceted. It attempts to preserve the past for the benefit and interest of future generations. It can be represented through many forms such as literature, culture and traditions, architecture, landscapes and a variety of other objects. Heritage tourism is quite a new concept in tourism and it is complex because it differs from person to person depending on their beliefs, culture, traditions and/or nationality. It is easy to understand that heritage tourism is related to museums. Museums have a strong link with heritage tourism. Museums are meant to preserve all kinds of things that are relevant to history and make them available throughout the years. The main purpose of a museum is to sell history through an exhibition, preservation and storage of symbolic objects. Museums attempt to explain the importance of these objects and make it a enjoyable experience to its visitors. Most of the facts and events that we know about our history are because of the role that museums have in preserving history as well as explaining it Marstine (2006). Museums can be owned by the public and private sector and this can influence they way they operate and interact with the public and what they exhibit. Museums focus on many specific areas of history and, as they are business and they are managed in order to make profit, many exhibitions are prioritized according to the visitors interests, Garrod, (2008.) Museums focus primarily on visitors who are interested and are receptive to changes on their views and opinions about the world Langer (1993) Visitors of museums should understand the topic that the museum is trying to cover by questioning and reasoning. There can be two types of museum visitors defined by Langer (1993) and Moscardo (1996): the mindful and the mindless. A mindful visitor accepts information through various interpretations and is able to contextualize them. Being a mindful visitor means that one is able to accept that there is no single correct way to interpret a single historical situation. A mindless visitor finds other interpretations besides the one he or she possesses irrelevant as these visitors are not receptive as the mindful ones. They are not receptive to other interpretations or viewpoints because they are unable to question the information they already possess. Usually they are subject to believe and follow a single definition and/or stereotype. They are usually not interest, do not really know about the exhibition and do not care much about it. A good museum has to be entertaining for both types of visitors. A museum has to consider different morals, cultures, ideologies, traditions and political views from its visitors in order to offer them a good experience and make their visit interesting and worth their time and money spent. The Natural History Museum The Natural History Museum is located in London, England on Exhibition Road, in South Kensington, together with the science museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum. The museum is sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and has charitable purposes. It has been called The Natural History Museum since 1992 due to the Museums and Galleries Act. The museum has five specific collections related to botany, entomology, mineralogy, palaeontology and zoology. These five collections have around 70 million objects in total. The Natural History Museum is famous worldwide for its dinosaur exhibition that includes a large diplodocus dinosaur skeleton. The Natural History Museum is referred to in many research projects, focusing on areas such taxonomy, identification and preservation. Some of the items are as important scientifically as they are historically since Charles Darwin has worked with them directly. The museum has a large library that holds many scientific research books, articles, hand written documents and art collections. However this library is only accessible by appointment. Geological Museum The Natural History Museum joined the Geological Museum in 1986 from the British Geological Survey. The museum is internationally known for its James Gardiner exhibitions of the active volcano and earthquake devices. The museum has also hosted the first electronically generated exhibition called Treasures of the Earth. The galleries in the museum were redeveloped in 1996 and renamed The Earth Galleries. The galleries in the Waterhouse building were also renamed as The Life Galleries The Geological Museum shows examples from the 19th century of display techniques used in the Waterhouse building. Neal Potter designed the central atrium, where visitors are transported to this area through an escalator made out of plates that symbolize earth. The walls were made out of recycled materials with representations of the major stars and planets. The background has six imagines that demonstrate how older generations viewed earth. Darwin Centre Named after Charles Darwin, the Darwin Centre holds a collection of preserved animals, a work place for scientific researchers and recent educational visitor experiences. It was built in two phases and it is one of the most important ventures in the Natural History Museum. Phase one hosted the zoological items, mainly preserved in alcohol. Phase two holds the botanical exhibits. Phased two opened in 2009 and it is in a shape of a giant cocoon. The Darwin Centre became famous for Archie an eight meter long giant squid that hangs in the middle of the centre. The Attenborough Studio Named after Sir David Attenborough, a prestigious broadcaster and presenter, the Attenborough Studio holds the most important footages on natural History. In collaboration with the British Broadcast Corporation (BBC) the Attenborough Studio has as its main goal to share science education and preservation efforts through multimedia material, becoming a vital part of Darwin Centre. The West side of the building also keeps a wildlife garden, where various types of plants are on display and a possibly new type of insect species similar to the ant was discovered in 2007. The Museum also holds four different galleries that are differentiated by colour and contain different things, they are as follows: Red Zone: Earth Lab, Earths Treasury,Lasting Impressions, Restless Surface, Earth Today and Tomorrow, From the Beginning, The Power Within, Visions of Earth. Green zone: Birds, Creepy Crawlies, Ecology, Fossil Marine Reptiles, Giant Sequoia and Central Hall, Minerals, The Vault, Our Place in Evolution, Plant Power, Primates, Investigate. Blue zone: Dinosaurs, Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, Human Biology, Marine Invertebrates, Mammals (Blue Whale), Nature Live. Orange zone: Wildlife Garden, Darwin Centre. The Natural History Museum has become incredibly popular with its visitors over the years, because of its range of diverse things to see. It is not only popular for educational school trips but all kinds of people can come and find something they will be interested in. Politics The issue of politics in Museums can show in a clear way the attitude a certain nation may feel toward an issue in history, or how people have different ideas about what happened. For example, visiting a museum that has exhibits and galleries regarding past conflicts, these museums will portray their countries military objectives and assets as positive, this aides in the nations patriotism and makes nationals of the country proud when they visit. The recreation for some galleries and exhibits in the Natural History Museum rely mainly on the accuracy of the way that certain things are shown, as not many exhibits depict conflict in the past but are more focused on science, astrology and the earth as well as its living plants and animals. Dallen and Boyd (2003) say that One persons landmark may be an object of hostility to another Individuals may disagree the way that certain things are explained in the Museum, however the museum has had input from many reliable scientists and professor s over the years whose opinion on some exhibits and galleries cannot be argued. It is important to listen and understand the views that all individuals have regarding how things were in the past. For example issues that revolve around how the Earth came to be formed, some organizations disagree with the well known theory of the Big-Bang. Although not all organizations agree with each other, these are the kind of politics that are relevant to The Natural History Museum. Authenticity Authenticity is very important for museum visitors. According to Halewood and Hannom (2001) museums are appreciated by their visitors due to some of their characteristics, such as: Originality; Workmanship; Cultural and historical accuracy; Aesthetics Functions and use. In order to grant authenticity and organization academic expertise is essential for the success of any museum Shenhav-Keller (1993). The study of authenticity is a critical success factor for museum visitor management. The feeling of being in front of something that has been preserved since its creation is what most museums expect to offer to their visitors Marstine (2006). Visitors expect to see the objects on the museum as they were originally, this provides authenticity and should be prioritized in order to get full satisfaction from the museum visitors. Sometimes authenticity cannot be achieved because objects might not be in their original state and museums should try to restore them or create similar pieces to the originals (replicas). The Natural History Museum contains a number of authentic objects both old and new in its galleries and exhibits. For example the River Thames Whale that managed to get stuck in the River Thames in 2006, this whales bones have been arranged together and are now temporarily on display. The Darwin Centre also holds tens of millions of specimens that were once alive, most famously is the giant squid named Archie that hangs in the middle of the centre. The Museum also contains many authentic ancient fossils that have been found over the years, they are on display in the Green Zone area, as well as a completely authentic wildlife garden in the Orange Zone. A lot of the things to be seen in the Natural History Museum have also been manufactured or been made from originals so they are not entirely authentic. However the fact that they are replicated gives the visitor an idea of what an authentic original would have been like. Visitor Management The Natural History Museum received over 832,000 visitors during the year of 1958, and in 2009 visitor arrivals reached four million. Of course the museum was not so advanced in 1958 and has expanded dramatically since then, but the opening of such areas of the museum as the Darwin Centre and the Geological Museum have increased the amount of visitors over the years. The museum did not allow free entry until 2001, during the year 2000 visitor arrivals were only 1.7million but rose 42% during the month October, 2009, thanks to the help of the new and exciting Darwin Centre, this was the Museums busiest ever month. The following months even more visitors came to visit the National History Museum, this unusually high attendance of visitors was known within the museum as the Darwin effect. Hall McArthur (1996) stated that visitor management is the Management of visitors in a manner which maximises the quality of the visitor experience whilst assisting the achievement of an areas overall objectives The Natural History Museum has a dedicated Visitor Services team that makes sure that the needs of all visitors are adequately met during their visit. It is possible to call the customer services team before you arrive at the museum to find out when a good time to visit might be. For example elderly or disabled individuals may wish to visit the Museum when it is not so busy. The fact that the staff at the Museum can provide information on a good time for the individual calling to visit maximises their experience. The Museum also contains a cafe and other areas where visitors can refresh themselves with a drink or something to eat, as well as numerous bathroom facilities should they need to use them. Most exhibits and galleries are interactive and allow the visitor to get involved with what they are learning making it a more enjoyable experience. Should the visitor speak another language other than English there are also translations in other languages for many of the Museums descript ions and galleries. It is essential for Museum directors to take into account not only the comfort of the visitors who are being welcomed to the museum, but of course the valuable artefacts that are inside the museum as well as the condition of the museum itself. It is important that these museum directors manage their museum so that it remains in a good condition, and does not get damaged by an overflow of too many visitors at a particular time. Enough money must also be spent on restoring any damage that may have occurred due to too many visitors or lack of respect from individuals towards the museum site and its content. For this reason museums must limit the amount of visitors that are inside at any one time, or a daily limit in order to preserve the building for future use. Garrod and Fyall (2000) say that Conceivably, the higher weighting that is generally accorded to conservation might be the result of the particularly strong notion of futurity that is often associated with heritage assets. It is easy for this Museum in particular to become a victim of over-use as the admission is free, so managers must look carefully into the methods they use to control the flow of visitors coming in and out. The Visitor Services team at the National History Museum has many stewards both inside and outside that make sure everyone who is waiting in line is comfortable and aware of the time they must wait. The Museum directors make sure that they let the same proportion of people in the Museum that are also leaving the Museum. Conclusion We can see from this report the issues that are involved when attempting to attract the most visitors possible to a Museum. These issues revolve around Politics, Visitor Management and Authenticity of the contents of the Museum. We have seen that it is very important to control visitor management, not only for the comfort and safety of the visitors but also in order to uphold the quality of the Museum, its galleries and exhibitions. If a Museum becomes too crowded it is not a pleasant experience at all and will deter the visitor from returning. Authenticity is another issue that some visitors find of great importance if they feel that what they are seeing is not genuine, or has not been replicated to look genuine they will feel cheated and not return to the Museum again. Finally the politics involved are something that attracts visitors depending on the nature of the Museum as there are not much politics involved with The Natural History Museum. The Natural History Museum has had a good plan to accommodate visitors when they arrive at the Museum, they have had a very long time over the years to perfect their visitor management plans. The general management of this Museum has made it one of the most popular in the United Kingdom, attracting four million visitors in 2009 and has been very successful in attracting maximum amount of visitors whilst preserving and sustaining the contents of the Museum and the building itself.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 12~13

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